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Refusing Holy Orders

and, argue gita sahgal and nira yuval-davis it is women who stand to lose the most t he 'salman rushdie affair' and the mass demonstrations of muslims in protest - not only against the satanic verses and its author but also at the ways the british state privileges christianity have put the issue of fundamentalism at the heart of the british political agenda. Black women countered, from the perspective of the anti-racist movement, that there was a need for asian (and sometimes afro-caribbean) women to have separate spaces to live with people who understood the pressures they felt, including dealing with racism.

Notes on Contributors

Editors advertisements stuart hall doreen massey michael rustin write fot information to soundings, c/o lawrence & wishart subscriptions poetry editor 1996 subscription rates are (for three issues): uk: institutions £70, individuals £35 rest of the world: institutions £80, individuals £45 carole satyamurti books for review art editors contact soundings books editor, c/o lawrence & wishart jan brown and tim davison collection as a whole © soundings 1996 individual articles the © authors 1996 editorial office lawrence & wishart 99a wallis road london e9 5ln marketing consultant no article may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without the permission in writing of the publisher, editor or author mark perryman issn 1362 6620 isbn 0 85315 835 5 soundings is published three times a year, in autumn, spring and summer by: soundings ltd c/o lawrence & wishart 99a wallis road london e9 5ln text setting art services, norwich cover photograph: © freddie contreras from the installation stud 1996 shoes supplied by vivienne westwood printed in great britain by cambridge university press, cambridge  contents notes on contributors v editorial: beefing about the single currency doreen massey, michael rustin 7 the divorce anthony bamett 15 to stanworth and beyond: reflections on diy politics and the anti-roads movement mike write 27 what kind of new labour? david donnison 39 poems michael laskey, bernard o'donoghue, sheenagh pugh, phil cohen 55 refusing ethnic closure: a women's therapy centre in bosnia-hercegovina photo narrative by cynthia cockburn 62 a queer way of re-defining masculinity peter tatchell 79 californian sketches iain chambers 85 offside: contemporary artists and football ]ohn gill and nick hallam 94 going global 97 gilane tawadros psychoanalytic conversations: the writing of adam phillips angela mcrobbie j 03 mad consumers?

Arts

nightclubs and sophisticates race records and rack jobbers b. b. king is heir to a rich legacy of after american audiences discovered blues, b. b. king went on to enjoy a the blues tradition which began its success far beyond that achieved by history as recorded music in 1920. charles sawyer is currently working on a book on b. b. king to be published in the spring by november books ltd. — tentative title — the arrival of b. b. king.

Housewife's Choice

pressed sometimes against the weight in the past few months, i've become a while working from home as a writer, naomi wolf is haunted by the ghosts of the pre-feminist, middle-class american,housewives who went before her f rom the stereo, michelle shocked complains, 'i think i'm a housewife, i must be a housewife.' i am learning that to narrow a woman's focus and to make her faceless, as the fog does every day, turns her despite herself against the things she loves best.

Feminism and the Alternative Economic Strategy

If fewer than one in five male workers now conform to the traditional stereotype and growing numbers of women make a crucial contribution to family support, a complete reappraisal of the way in which jobs and income are allocated between men and women is needed, on grounds of family needs as well as equal opportunities.2 october 1981 25 unemployment on women is considerably less visible than its impact on men, not only because more women than men are discouraged from seeking work by the lack of job opportunities but also because many more women who are seeking work do not register as unemployed because they are not entitled to benefit. in 1980 women's hourly earnings were on average only 73.5% of men's.9 and this figure somewhat overstates women's actual relative pay since it excludes both overtime payments, which accrue to many more men than women, and part-time workers, mostly women, whose hourly earnings are less than full-time workers.

Notes on Contributors

No article may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without the permission in writing of the publisher, editor or author issn 1362 6620 isbn 085315 886 x text setting art services, norwich cover photograph: © david a. bailey marketing consultant mark perryman soundings is published three times a year, in autumn, spring and summer by: soundings ltd c/o lawrence & wishart 99a wallis road london e9 5ln printed in great britain by cambridge university press, cambridge  contents notes on contributors v editorial: i'm not an economist but... doreen massey 7 tony blair and the jargon of modernisation alan finlayson 11 scenes 28 will forrest poems 36 michael laskey, dorothy nimmo, stephen wade, susan wicks imagination without power: contemporary social movements in italy mario pianta 40 political opposition in the ivory coast: problems and perspectives richard moncrieff 51 reviews 61 sean grey, aasiya lodhi, nadje s. al-ali obituary 76 part ii windrush echoes introduction gail lewis and lola young 78 multiculture', 'multiracisms' and young people: contradictory legacies of windrush anne phoenix 86 out of hand: a short story ]ackie kay 97 continued on next page  continued from previous page hidden struggles: black women's activism and black masculinity in 04 the shadow of the windrush julia sudbury nigeria-london connections: photoessay femi franklin, with an introduction by lola young 114 the racialisation of space in british cities david sibley 119 the hanging baskets of wood green: a short story mike phillips 128 the limits of inclusion: western political theory and immigration phil cole 134 a game of two halves: 'english' identity fifty years after the windrush bilkis malek 145 negotiated belongings: interview with simon hamilton-clarke gail lewis 157 hair: a photo essay sonia boyce i 70 all in the same boat? Wishart subscriptions guest editors gail lewis and lola young 1998/9 subscription rates are (for three issues): uk: institutions £70, individuals £35 rest of the world: institutions £80, individuals £45 poetry editor carole satyamurti collection as a whole © soundings 1998 individual articles © the authors 1998 reviews editors becky hall and susanna rustin art editor tim davison editorial office lawrence & wishart 99a wallis road london e9 5ln

State Of The Union

'link-up', and the other more tentative attempts to modernise the union depend on the union's ability to put resources where they have never been put before - primarily at the disposal of poor women - to abandon a costbenefit approach to recruitment, to sustain and nourish the membership by developing the union's infrastructure in a period of contraction, and finally to contemplate the transformation of the union's political and industrial objectives. infrastructure is inseparable from the birth of a new culture within the union to support the new membership, but also from the development of a much wider range of individual services for members - brit- 'it is returning to its roots and doing not only the necessary thing (if it is to recover from the membership haemorrhage of the last decade) but the honourable thing' ish trade unionism is massively present in society and yet massively absent from daily life.

A TRAIN STOPPED IN MOSCOW

Marxism today november 1982 3t9 a train stopped in moscow john birch while people in moscow wait for the succesan investigator arrives in a provincial sion to the leadership to be resolved, and town to determine the reasons for a train genuinely new policies to be implemented derailment in which the engine-driver was instead of the stop-gap food programme, a heroically killed trying to prevent the crash; new film has been showing at the capital's the local party already has plans underway largest and most prestigious cinema theatre, for a memorial to commemorate this town the rossiya on pushkin square. Finally he leaves, defeated by the and with such an excellent cast is being collusion of the local party and the press (the shown as a political act of some importance, journalist played by solonitsyn) who the georgian film swimmer (about repres- between them have built up the myth of the sion in the 30s) was recently released in a 'hero engine driver'.

LIFE

The children didn’t request it; and (rape apart) every parent of a school-age child in britain today could society, on the other hand, needs no protection from the consenting sexual activities of children, unless the children impinge on society by cluttering it with unprovided-for babies or infecting it with vd. Retaliation would arrive not with force sufficient to protect the tannoys and chalk but with force sufficent to uphold the majesty of the law; and precisely because the law has fewer scruples than the children’s angry brigade, its force would be exerted not on pupils’ property but on pupils.

Meetings Bloody Meetings

once we conceive of the market as a process in historical time, reflecting both the perceived past and the expected future, then pat's rigid distinction between static, allocative prices and dynamic 'market forces' cannot be sustained. Ommemt meetings bloody meetings in a feature article last month pat devine urged the left to look anew at the idea of economic planning.

RACISM AND EMPLOYMENT

Focus may 1984 marxism today 5 racism a n d employment it was with a certain smugness that the tory-dominated house of commons select committee on race relations reported, the last time it looked at employment issues, that not a single union in britain had ever introduced the demand for an anti-racist employment policy into negotiations with the employers. Anyone taking an employer to an industrial tribunal for racial discrimination will have their hand considerably strengthened since they will be able to argue that the failure of their employer to implement the code is itself evidence of the discrimination that they arealleging.

Special needs bullying - racism

the outcome of the meeting, requested specifically by myself to discuss the racism and the bullying perpetrated on her, was that the head decided to 'contact the school's educational psychologist ... and ask her to observe marianna in school to give an accurate picture of her social actions and also to do some testing so that an up to date picture of her cognitive functioning and reading ability could be obtained. 'i felt sick and i didn't do anything.' l eaving aside the technical implications of requesting 12 year old children with learning difficulties to undertake this task, it is possible to imagine that the deputy head was trying to help by showing the class what a baboon looks like ... except he then left the room, leaving marianna completely at the mercy of her class mates.

Special Needs • Bullying - Racism: The Last Taboo?

the outcome of the meeting, requested specifically by myself to discuss the racism and the bullying perpetrated on her, was that the head decided to 'contact the school's educational psychologist ... and ask her to observe marianna in school to give an accurate picture of her social actions and also to do some testing so that an up to date picture of her cognitive functioning and reading ability could be obtained. 'i felt sick and i didn't do anything.' l eaving aside the technical implications of requesting 12 year old children with learning difficulties to undertake this task, it is possible to imagine that the deputy head was trying to help by showing the class what a baboon looks like ... except he then left the room, leaving marianna completely at the mercy of her class mates.

Special Needs • Bullying - Racism: The Last Taboo?

the outcome of the meeting, requested specifically by myself to discuss the racism and the bullying perpetrated on her, was that the head decided to 'contact the school's educational psychologist ... and ask her to observe marianna in school to give an accurate picture of her social actions and also to do some testing so that an up to date picture of her cognitive functioning and reading ability could be obtained. 'i felt sick and i didn't do anything.' l eaving aside the technical implications of requesting 12 year old children with learning difficulties to undertake this task, it is possible to imagine that the deputy head was trying to help by showing the class what a baboon looks like ... except he then left the room, leaving marianna completely at the mercy of her class mates.

Heroes And Lovers

it is dangerous because, although like the 1940s tradition of film noir it plays with power and sexuality, the femme fatale of the 1940s (before women went soppy in the 1950s) has sidled into history, to be displaced not so much by femininity in another form, but by l'homme fatale. Oh, we whisper to ourselves, joy, a movie of our times - or at least a fantasy for our times - in which the da is a young, chic, tough, sexy person whose gender is consummate for women movie-goers.

Interview with Ronald Segal

Perhaps more important than any of these, there is the transcontinental advance of african nationalism which can no longer go un­ noticed - the union may be insulated by portuguese africa and southern rhodesia but the logic of the growing number of independent african states is inescapable: both at united ‘you know that the political correspondent of die burger has characterised the racial question as “basically one of national­ ities”, and that the ideology of separate development rests upon the crude antithesis of the afrikaner and bantu nations. consequently; at the very moment when frank cousins the new leader of the powerful transport union - as well as bevan’s own wife took up a violent position in favour of the renunciation by great britain of nuclear weapons; bevan preferred to pass with gaitskell a relatively honourable com­ promise; but which caused tremendous disappointment throughout the left in the party; demobilised the best militants; and provoked an estrangement between him and his most loyal friend, michael foot and “tribune”.

The death of multiculturalism

december saw the publication of the cantle report, titled community cohesion, which defines the government’s strategy for maintaining order in those towns.[2] at the same time, home secretary blunkett announced that the government was considering an oath of allegiance for immigrants and that english language tests would be introduced.[3] we were told that practices such as forced marriage and genital mutilation had been allowed to continue because of an over-emphasis on ‘cultural difference’ and ‘moral relativism’.[4] blunkett wanted a new framework of core values, which would set limits to the laissez-faire pluralism of the past. on a national level, a new community cohesion task force has been set up and blunkett has initiated a ‘national debate’, by suggesting that immigrants take an ‘oath of allegiance’ to the british state and adopt british norms.

The Great Moving Right Show

They will be formative: a new balance of forces, the emergence of new elements, the attempt to put together a new "historical bloc", new political configurations and "philosophies", a profound restructuring of the state and the ideological discourses which construct the crisis and represent it as it is "lived" as a practical reality; new programmes and policies, pointing to a new result, a new sort of "settlement"—"within certain limits". Many of the key themes of the radical right—law and order, the need for social discipline and authority in the face of a conspiracy by the enemies of the state, the onset of social anarchy, the "enemy within", the dilution of british stock by alien black elements —are well articulated before the full dimensions of the recession are revealed.

THE TROUBLE WITH POETRY

And there are still plenty of critics happy to disdain as tainted or corrupt poetry that is in any way connected to politics, to dismiss feminist poets as shrill hysterics, and to patronise working-class and black poets as occasionally interesting minority inhabitants of a peripheral zoo. The recently published penguin anthology contemporary british poetry, for example, caused a furore by concentrating solely on the work of a small elite group of poets (all white and mostly male) and omitting all the poets discussed above.

Parties on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown

The opening up of a new political alternative; the sketching out of a viable new politics of labour for 'new times'; clearly addressed to what is novel and dislocating in the global circumstances in which labour might return to office; realistic in its recognition of the limits in speed and scope imposed both by the decline in manoeuvrability of the nationstate in the new global environment and by the fact that britain remains fundamentally one of the least successful, declining members of the new economic club; and yet selectively directed at sketching out, by way of a sort of demonstration effect, some radically bold and novel ways of tackling some of the key issues; enough at least to show that thatcherism, which appeared inevitably to command the first stage of these 'new times', was only one, possible, deeply flawed, way of addressing the dilemma; and thus capable of constructing apolitical constituency for change out of the varied and dispersed or disaggregated movements. there were always two aspects to any labour revival: the first had to do, broadly speaking, with modernisation, the second with a political strategy and programme for the country which both addressed the major social and economic problems confronting the society in a novel and dis'it is to mr blair's credit that tinctive way, clearly contrasting its approach he has courageously blasted with that which had governed the previous the party free from some of regime, and at the same time captured the popular imagination, crystallising the its encrustations' disparate and sometimes contradictory elements of dissatisfaction into a new configuration, a new kind of politics.

Parties on the verge of a nervous breakdown

The opening up of a new political alternative; the sketching out of a viable new politics of labour for 'new times'; clearly addressed to what is novel and dislocating in the global circumstances in which labour might return to office; realistic in its recognition of the limits in speed and scope imposed both by the decline in manoeuvrability of the nationstate in the new global environment and by the fact that britain remains fundamentally one of the least successful, declining members of the new economic club; and yet selectively directed at sketching out, by way of a sort of demonstration effect, some radically bold and novel ways of tackling some of the key issues; enough at least to show that thatcherism, which appeared inevitably to command the first stage of these 'new times', was only one, possible, deeply flawed, way of addressing the dilemma; and thus capable of constructing apolitical constituency for change out of the varied and dispersed or disaggregated movements. there were always two aspects to any labour revival: the first had to do, broadly speaking, with modernisation, the second with a political strategy and programme for the country which both addressed the major social and economic problems confronting the society in a novel and dis'it is to mr blair's credit that tinctive way, clearly contrasting its approach he has courageously blasted with that which had governed the previous the party free from some of regime, and at the same time captured the popular imagination, crystallising the its encrustations' disparate and sometimes contradictory elements of dissatisfaction into a new configuration, a new kind of politics.

ZIMBABWE The Process of Liberation

These were the national democratic union (ndu); the national front of zimbabwe (nfz) led by michael mawema; the patriotic front (pf) led by joshua nkomo; the united african national council (uanc) led by bishop muzorewa; the united african people's union (uapu); the united federal party (unfp) led by chief kaiser ndiweni; the united people's association of matebeleland (upam); the zimbabwe african national union-pf (zanu-pf) led by robert mugabe; the zimbabwe democratic party (zdp) led by james chikerema; and the zimbabwe united peoples organisation (zupo) led by chief jeremiah chirau. It served as the source of the subsequent internal settlement agreement reached on march 3, 1978, with moderate african leaders: bishop muzorewa of the united african national council (uanc), reverend ndabaningi sithole of the african national-sithole (later renamed zimbabwe african national union-sithole, zanu-sithole) and chief jeremiah chirau of the zimbabwe united people's organisation (zupo).

The Powers That Buy

The Powers That Buy Consider the following propositions: Consumer power is one of the most

The Greening of Britain

the world conservation strategy the dangers now threatening the life sup- port systems of the biosphere (the thin surface layer that sustains life) were summarised in 1980 in the world conservation strategy (wcs) published by the international union for the conservation of nature and natural resources (iucn), with the support of the food and agriculture organisation (fao) and the un scientific and cultural organisation (unesco). Its initial effect, as it is nished by the dokuchaev soil institute in carried by the wind and deposited, is to moscow to an american conference in acidify lakes and rivers so that they can no 1983 suggest that the soil losses on bare longer support fish or other aquatic life, to fallow land in the soviet union range up to pollute water supplies, to kill trees and 59 tonnes a hectare in the baltic area, and forests, and to lower the fertility of soils.

Proletarian Or Revolutionary Literature: C. L. R. James And The Politics Of The Trinidadian Renaissance1

in beyond a boundary, a cultural history of cricket, c. l. r. james tells us that the two major political and social influences in his life have been literature and cricket; indeed, literature and cricket are the two recurring motifs that figure the emergence of his political consciousness.2 his scholastic career as a scholarship boy in trinidad forced upon him the contradictions of the intellectual in the colonies. But besides these two manuscripts, james also carried with him a completed novel, minty alley, published in 1936, which provides important insights into the formation of james as a cultural and political theorist.6 minty alley can also be regarded, more generally, as an exploration of the contradictions of colonial intellectual practice and as a contribution to a world debate about proletarian and revolutionary literature.